Machine for generating gear-teeth.



PATENTED JULY 18, 1905.

0. J. BEALE. MACHINE FQR. QBNHRATING GEAR TEETH.

APPBIQKIIIQH FILED D30. 9, 1901.

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PATBNTED JULY 18, 1905.

0. J. BEALE. MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH.

APPLICATION FILED D20. 9, 1901.

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No. 795,021. PATENTED JULY 18, 1905.

O. J. BEALE. 1

MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 9, 1901.

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0. J. BEALE. MACHINE FOR. GENERATING GEAR TEETH.

APPLICATION FILED D150. 9, 1901.

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' N0.795,021.' PATENTED JULY 18,1905

MACHINE FOR GENERATING, GEAR TEETH.

APPLICATION FILED D30. 9, 1901.

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PATENTED JUL-Y 18, 1905.

0. J. BEALE. MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH.

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PATENTED JULY 18, 1905.

0. J. BEALE. MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 9, 1901.

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ATENTED JULY 18, 1905.

0. J. BEALE. MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH.

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IMwmuummmmmm I: III 5 4' OSCAR J. BEALE, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND,ASSIG-NOR TO BROWN AND SHARPE MANUFAC"URING COMPANY, OF PROVIDENCE,RHODE Patented July 18, 1905.

PATENT OFFicE.

ISLAND, A CORPORATION OF RHODE ISLAND.

MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR-TEETH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 795,(.21, dated July18, 1905.

Application filed December 9, 1901. Serial No. 85,202.

To all who??? it may concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR J. BEALE, of the city and county of Providenceand State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Machines for Generating Gear-Teeth; and 1 do herebydeclare the following specification, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of the same, to be a full, clear,and exact description thereof.

The invention relates to machines for forminggear-teeth, and moreespecially to that class of machines in which the teeth are generated byrolling the gear-blank against a cutter in Such a manner that the cuttergenerates a correct tooth-surface on the blank. Such machines areespecially adapted for forming the teeth of bevel-gears in which thecurvature of the tooth-surfaces and the size of the teeth change fromend to end of the teeth, making it impracticable to cut correctly-formedteeth in the manner in which the teeth of spurgears are usually cut.Machines may be constructed and arranged, however, to generate the teethof spur-gears, and certain of the features of the present invention maybe embodied in either machines for generating the teeth of spur-gears ormachines for generating the teeth of bevel-gears, the mechanismbeingmoditied to give the parts the proper relative movements to suitthe varying con ditions.

In machines operating on the generating principle the cutting edge (oredges) of the cutter, whether it be a reciprocating planingcutter or arotary milling-cutter, travels in the tooth-sur face of an imaginarygear, (which term in this connection includes a rack) and the gear-blankis given a motion which corresponds to the rolling of its pitch-surfaceon the pitch-surface of the imaginary gear, so that as thepitch-surfaces of the gear-blank and imaginary gear roll together thecutter generates a tooth-surface conjugate to the tooth-surface in whichthe cutting edge or edges travel.

Certain features of the present invention relate to devices andmechanisms for supporting the gear-blank and giving it such a motionthat its pitch-surface will roll upon the 5 pitch-surface of theimaginary gear in a toothsurface of which the edge (or edges) of thecutter travels. These features of invention may be used in connectionwith any suitable construction and arrangement of cutter. embodying thebroader of these features of invention in an automatic machine havingthe capacity of generating the teeth of gears varying in size, pitch,and in the angle of the pitch-cone additional features of invention suchthat the gear-blank carried by the spindle 7 is given a motion as ofrolling upon its pitchsurface over the pitch-surface of the imaginarygear in the tooth-surface of which the'cutting edges travel. As themachine is designed for generating the teeth of bevel-gears, the carrier is mounted to swing about an axis which intersects the axis of theblank-spindle at the apex of the pitch-cone, and to adapt the machinefor generating the teeth of gears having pitch-cones of varying anglesthe spindle is mounted so that it may be adjusted to vary the anglebetween its axis and the axis of the carrier. It is desirable to firmlysupport the gear-blank close up to its hub, and in order to enable awide range of gear-blanks to be 8 5 thus supported the blank-spindle ismounted so that it may be adjusted radially of the swinging carrier and.is arranged to support the gear-blank from the large end. l Vith thisarrangement the gear-blanks may be se- 9 cured to the spindle with thehub close up to the bearings of the spindle whatever the angle of thepitch-cone or the size of the gearblank. In generating the teeth ofgears having different pitch-cones the ratio between the swingingmovement of the spindle and the ro- In this machine the 5 tary movementon its axis must be varied to give the blank the proper rollingmovement, and a toothed gearing-drive for rotating the spindle on itsaxis readily adapts itself to such variation by enabling the employmentof variable-speed gearing .between the spindle and the driver forrotating the same. A simple and convenient form of such gearing isasystem of change-gears. A gearing-drive for the spindle is also welladapted to the automatic indexing of the blank in embodying this featurein an automatic machine. To get the greatest benefit from automaticallyindexing the blank-spindle involves also the automatic reciprocation androtation of the spindle, and one of the features of the inventionconsists in combining mechanism for antomatically reciprocating andsimultaneously rotating a blank-spindle with mechanism for automaticallyindexing the blank. of variable-speed gearing for varying the ratiobetween the reciprocating movement of the spindle and the movement ofrotation involves for some angles of pitch-cone an approximation to theexact theoretical ratio. With gearing which it is practical to use thisapproximation is sufficiently accurate so far as the rolling of theblank on its pitch-surface is concerned; but in case the indexingmovement is transmitted to the spindle through this gearing thevariation from the exact ratio would result in inaccurate indexing. Insuch case the error introduced by the use of approximate or, as it issometimes termed, fractional gearing is eliminated from the indexingmovements of the spindle by a rectifying mechanism, and one feature ofthe invention consists in the combination, with the gearing for rotatingthe blank-spindle as it reciprocate's, of a rectifying mechanism forinsuring the proper indexing of the blank-spindle should it be necessaryto use fractional gearing in said gearing. A simple and effective formof such rectifying mechanism consists of a system of gearingcorresponding to the fractional gearing inversely arranged andinterposed between the driver for the fractional gearing and theindexing-gearing.

While I prefer to roll the blank against the cutter with a motion as ofrolling upon its pitch-surface, it will be understood that so far as thefeatures of invention relating to the mechanisms for supporting andoperating the blank are concerned it is not essential that the blank begiven a motion as of rolling upon its pitch-surface, but that the blankmay be given any proper rolling movement to cause toothsurfaces to begenerated thereon as it is rolled against a cutter, the rolling movementto be given to the blank depending upon the arrangement of the cutter.

The use The features of invention relating to the devices for supportingand controlling the movements of the blank-spindle may be employed inconnection with vario us forms and arrangements of cutters, and theyhave been embodied in a machine in which certain other features ofinvention relating to the construction and arrangement of the cuttingdevices have also been embodied, which. cooperate with the blanksupporting and controlling devices in insuring an eflicient and economicgeneration of the gear-teeth. In this machine the cutting edges, whichtravel in a plane corresponding to the surface of a tooth of animaginary gear, over the pitch-su rface of which the pitchsurface of thegear-blank rolls, are formed on teeth at the periphery of a disk of sucha size and shape that the tooth-surface on the blank is generated byrolling the blank against the edge of the disk without any movement ofthe disk other than that about its axis. An effective arrangement ofcutter for generating bevel-gear teeth is with the cutting edge or edgestraveling in a plane corresponding to the surface of an imaginarycrown-gear having tooth surfaces which are converging planes, sincegears which will run in such a crown-gear will run together. In thepresent case the cutters are accordingly so arranged that the edge ofthe diskagainst which the gear-blank is rolled is, in effect, thetooth-surface of a crown-gear, and one feature of the invention consistsin the combination of a series of traveling cutting-teeth, which are, ineffect, the tooth-surface of a crown-gear, and mechanism for rolling agear-blank against the cutters with a motion as of rolling on itspitcl'i-surface over the pitch-surface of the crown-gear. A singlecutting-disk of this character will generate only one surface of agear-tooth as the gear-blank is rolled against it, so that the use of asingle cutting-disk involves a readjustment of the blank and cutterafter one side of all the teeth has been generated and a second completeindexing of the blank for generating the opposite sides of the teeth.This readjustment of the cutter and blank and second indexing may beeliminated by employing two cutting-disks and so arranging them that thecutting edges against which the blank is rolled are, in effect, a toothof the imaginary gear, over the pitch-surface of which the gear-blank isrolled, and a feature of the invention consists in providing two cuttersthe cutting edges of which form a tooth of an imaginary gear. The cutteror cutters are so mounted that the proper adjustments may be made tobring the edge of the disk or disks into the proper relation with theblank or to vary the inclination of the cutter, so that the cuttingedges may correspond to the tooth-surfaces of gears of difl'erent size,or to varythe angle of pressure of the gearteeth, as will be more fullyexplained, and these adjustments form additional features of invention.

The invention also includes further features of novelty, as will appearfrom the detailed description to follow and the claims.

All the various features of invention have been embodied in an automaticmachine for generating bevel-gear teeth capable of adjustment for gearsof varying size or angle of pitch-cone and to cut various forms ofgearteeth, and a clear understanding of these features will be had byreference to the accompanying drawings, showing such machine, it beingunderstood, however, that various of the features of invention are notconfined in their application to automatic machines or to machines forgenerating bevel-gear teeth or to machines having the specificconstruction, arrangement, and mode of operation of the machineillustrated.

1n the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine. Fig. 2 isa rear elevation with some of the parts removed. Fig. 3 is a detailsection through a portion of the driving mechanism. Fig. 4: is anelevation looking at the left end of the machine. Fig. 5 is an elevationof the front of the blanksupporting head. Fig. 6 is a longitudinalvertical section through the blank-supporting head. Fig. 7 is anelevation of a part of the right end of the machine. Fig. 8 is a planview showing the cutter supporting and driving devices. Fig. 9 is asectional detail of the devices for moving the cutter-head to and fromthe blank-supporting head. Fig. 10 is a detail showing the gearing forvarying the rotation of the blank-spindle and the rectifying-gearing.Fig. 11 isasectional detail showing one of the cutter adjustments. Fig.12 is asectional detail on line 12 12, Fig. 11. Figs. 13 and 14 aredetails showing the mode of operation of the cutters when adjusted toform a tooth of a crown-gear, and Fig. 15 is a view showing adevelopment of cam 100.

In the machine shown the blank-supporting head 1, Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 6,is fixed to the base 2 of the machine, and in this head are mounted thedevices for supporting and controlling the moven'ientsoftheblank-spindle3. Theswingingcarrier4,on which the spindle is supported,is secured upon a shaft 5, mount-ed in the head 1, and this carrier isgiven a reciprocatory swinging movement through a segment 6, formedthereon, which is engaged by a gear 7, secured to one end of a shaft 8.At its opposite end the shaft 8 carries a pinion 9, which is engaged bya gear-segment 10, mounted on a shaft 11 and oscillated through an arm12, which is connected by alink 13 with a crankpin 14:, carried bya.constant]y-rotatingshaft 15. The crank-pin 14 is carried in a slide16, which is mounted in a slot in a disk 17, secured to the shaft 15,and may be adjusted radially of the disk to vary the swing of thecarrier 4 by a screw 18.

The spindle 3 is supported upon the carrier in bearings and is rotatedon its axis as the carrier swings by means of gearing connected with thespindle and driven from a stationary gear 19, mounted upon the bushing20,, which surrounds the shaft 5, so that the gear is concentric withthe axis of the carrier. The gear 19 is engaged by a pinion 21, securedto a shaft 22, mounted on the carrier, and the shaft 22 is connected,through a series of gears 23, with a second shaft 24, also mounted onthe carrier. The shaft 2 1 carries a spiral gear 25, Fig. 2, whichengages a spiral gear 26, secured to one end of a short shaft 27, to theother end of which is sccureda bevel-gear 28, Fig. 5, which meshes witha bevel-gear 29, Fig. 6, secured to the spindle 3. This construction andarrangement provides one simple and eflicient form of mechanism forrotating the spindle through toothed gearing as the carrier swings, andthe concentric gear forms a simple and effective driver for suchmechanism. This form of mechanism also readily adapts itself to thevarious adjustments of the parts incident to the generating of differentgears. The gearing between the concentric gear 19 and the spindle shouldbe so proportioned that the spindle will be properly rotated on its axisas the pinion 21 rolls over the gear 19 to give the blank carried by thespindle a motion as of rolling on its pitchsurface over thepitch-surface of the imaginary gear, in a tooth-surface of which thecutter acts. If the gear-blank is to have a motion as of rolling on itspitch-surface, it should be so supported that the apex of the pitch-coneis in the axis of the carrier 4:, and the spindle should therefore be soarranged with reference to the axis of the carrier that the apex of thepitch-cone may be solocated. To enable the apex of the pitch-coneof thegear-blank to be brought into the of the carrier under varyingconditions as to size or form of gears to be acted upon, the spindle iscarried in a carriage 30, mounted on ways on the carrier 4 andadjustable radially of the carrier through a screw 31, which isconnected with the carriage and is engaged by a nut 32, mounted on thecarrier. The nut may be turned to adjust the carriage through abevelgear 33-, secured to the nut and engaged by a bevel-gear 3 1 on ashaft, to the outer end of which a hand-wheel 35 is secured. The spiralgear 25 is carried by the carriage and is mounted to slide on the shaft24: to accommodate the movement of the carriage. To adapt the machinefor operating upon gears having pitch-cones of varying angles, thespindle is mounted so that the angle between the axis of the spindle andthe axis of the carrier may be varied. This angular adjustment iseffected by supporting the spindle in a head 36, which is mounted insegmental ways 37 on the carriagc30. The head is held in adjustedposition by binding-bolts 38. To accommodate this adjustment, the

shaft27, to which the spiral gear 26 is secured, is so arranged that itsaxis is in the axis about which the spindle 3 is adjusted to vary theangle between the spindle and the axis of the carrier. The angular andradial adjustment of the spindle on the carrier also enables gears ofvarious size and length of" hub to be secured to the spindle close tothe bearings of the spindle, so that they will befirmly supported whileunder the action of the cutting devices. In generating the teeth ofgears having different pitch-cones the ratio between the swingingmovement of the carrier and the rotary movement of the spindle on itsaxis must be varied, and the series of gears 23 are accordingly somounted and arranged that the gears may be changed to vary the speed ofshaft 24 with relation to the rotation of shaft 22. This series of gearsis mounted and arranged in a manner common in change-gearing and is onesimple form of variable-speed mechanism for varying the ratio betweenthe swinging and rotary movements of the spindle. The arrangement of thegearing is clearly shown in Fig. 10. Gears 39 and 40 are secured to theupper ends of shafts 22 and 24, respectively, and are connected throughtwo connected gears 41, carried on an arm 41 adjustable about the shaft22, one of the connected gears meshing with the gear 39 and the otherwith gear 40. By changing the gears the movement of shaft 24 withrelation to the movement of shaft 22 may be varied, thereby varying theratio between the rotary and swinging move ments of the spindle.

The concentric gear 19 in addition to forming an efficient driver forrotating the spindle also lends itself to the employment of a simple andeffective indexing mechanism for turning the blank to bring successiveparts into position to be acted upon by the cutting devices, since suchindexing may be accomplished by intermittently giving the gear a partialrevolution. To provide for this manner of indexing, the gear 19 ismounted to turn upon the bushing 20 and is connected with a worm-wheel42, which is engaged by a Worm 43, Figs. 2 and 5, secured to a shaft 44.During the action of the cutting devices the wormshaft 44 is stationaryand the Worm and wormwheel act as a lock for holding the gear 19. Theworm-shaft is connected, through suitable gearing, Figs. 2 and 4, with ashaft 45, which is given one or more revolutions whenever the indexingis to take place. To provide for indexing gears having different numbersof teeth, a variable-speed mechanism consisting of change-gearing 46,such as is commonly used in indexing mechanisms, is introduced in theconnections between shaft 45 and 44. With this manner of indexingthrough the gearing 23, which determines the ratio between the swingingand rotary movement of the spindle, any error in this gearing isintroduced into the indexing, and in cases where it is necessary to usefractional gearing between shafts 22 and 24 in order to closelyapproximate the theoretically-correct ratio the indexing would not beeffected with sufficient accuracy were this error not rectified. Inother words, to accurately index the spindle 3 the ratio between themovement of shaft 45 and the spindle should be exact and notapproximate. To insure this under all conditions, a rectifying mechanismconsisting of a series of gears corresponding to the series of gears 23between shafts 22 and 24, but inversely arranged, is introduced betweenthe variable-speed mechanism of the indexing mechanism and the wormshaft 44. This gearing consists of a gear 47, secured to the shaft 44,'a gear 48, secured to the shaft 49, and two connected gears 50, mountedupon an arm 51, adjustable about the shaft 49. The gear 47 is the sameas gear 39, and gear 48 is the same as gear 40 of gearing 23, while theconnected gears 50 and 41 are the same, the gear which meshes with gear47 corresponding to the gear which meshes with gear 39 and the gearwhich meshes with gear 48 corresponding to the gear which meshes withgear 40. With these two sets of gearing thus arranged one set nullifiesthe effect of the other, and the indexing is unaffected. by changes inboth sets of gearing. The shaft 49 is connected with the change-gearing46 through bevel-gears 52. 4

The cutting devices consist of two disks 53, provided at theirperipheries with teeth 54. The disks are so arranged that the cuttingedges of the teeth travel in planes corresponding to the surfaces ofteeth of an imaginary crown-gear G, (indicated in Figs. 13 and 14,) theaxis of which coincides with theaxis of the carrier 4. To enable theedges 55 to travel in planes corresponding to the toothsurfaces atopposite sides of a space between adjacent teeth of the crown-gear ingenerating teeth which are close together, the teeth of one cutter arearranged to work in the spaces between the teeth of the other cutter.The disks are of such diameter that that portion of the edges of thedisks where they come together. are, in effect, a tooth of thecrowngear, so that the opposite surfaces of adjacent gear-teeth may begenerated on the blank B by rolling the blank against the edges of thedisks at this point.

The devices for supporting the cutters and for enabling the variousadjustments to be made which give the machine the capacity of generatingvarious forms and sizes of teeth on various forms and sizes of blanksare supported on a head 56, carried by a slide 57, mounted on the base2. Each cutting-disk is secured to a shaft 58 and is driven through aworm-wheel 59, secured to the shaft and engaged by a worm 60. The worm60 is secured to a shaft 61, which is connected by a universal jointwith one part of a telescoping shaft 62, the other part of which isconnected by a universal joint with a shaft 63. The shafts 63 areconnected, through bevel-gears 64, with a shaft 65, which is connectedwith a shaft 66 through spiral gears 67. The shaft 66 is connected,through bevel-gears 68, with a driving-shaft 69, to which a cone-pulley70 is secured. Through this system of shafts and gearing the cutters arecontinuously rotated.

To enable the cutters to be adjusted to vary the inclination of thesides of the teeth of the imaginary gear G with reference to the pitchsurface, each shaft 58 is mounted in a bearing-block 71, guided insegmental Ways in blocks 72. A gear-segment 73 is formed on thebearing-block and is engaged by a pinion 74, secured to a shaft 75 inthe block 72. The shaft 75 is provided with a polygonal head for thereception of a crank-handle, and by turning the shaft the bearing-blockmay be moved on its segmental ways. Thebearingblock is firmly secured inits adjusted position by clamping-bolts 76. The segmental ways are soformed that the cutting-disk will turn about an axis parallel to thepitch-surface of the gear G and pass through the active edge of the diskwhen the bearingblock is adjusted. By varying the inclination of thesides of the tooth of the imaginary gear as indicated the angle ofpressure of the imaginary gear may be varied with a resulting variationin the angle of pressure of the generated gear-teeth. .111 other words,the cutters may be adjusted to form gearteeth in which the normal,through the common point of contact between the intermeshing teeth oftwo gears, will make any desired angle with the common tangent to thepitchcircles of the gears, this angle being what is known as the angleof pressure of the gearteeth. If the cutters are to have the capacity ofcutting in planes corresponding to tooth-surfaces of different gears,the machine should be provided with means for varying the inclination ofthe cutting planes about an axis parallel to the axis of the gear Gr. Toenable the inclination of the cutting planes to be thus varied, theblock 72 is mounted on segmental ways 77 on a slide 78. The block 72carries a worm 79, which engages a rack 80, pivoted on the slide 78, andby turning the worm the block may be adjusted on the slide to adjust thecutting plane about an axis parallel to the axis of the gear G. Thisadjustment determines the divergence between the elements extending fromthe apex of the pitch-cone and forming the sides of the teeth. The block72 is firmly held in adjusted position by binding-bolts81, which forceclampingblocks 82 against the ways 77. To enable the cutters to beadjusted to vary the width of the teeth beingeut, each slide 78 ismounted forlateral adjustment on ways 83, formed on a slide 84. Theslide 78 may be adjusted laterally on its ways by a screw-rod 85,arranged as is common in metal-working machines, and when adjustedis-firmly held by a gib 86 in a common manner; The slide at is mountedon ways 87 on the head 56 and may be adjusted by a screw 88 to bring thecutters into proper relation to the axis of the carrier 4 and whenadjusted is firmly held by a gib 89. By the various adjustmentsdescribed the cutters may be adjusted to correspond With a tooth of acrowngear of any desired diameter or pitch and having any desired angleof pressure. The angle of pressure is determined by adjustment of theblocks 71 on their curved ways, and the blocks 71 having been onceadjusted for a given angle of pressure remain fixed on the blocks 72 solong as gears are to be generated with that angle of pressure. Byadjusting the slide 84 vertically the distance between the cutters andthe axis of the carrier 4 may be varied in varying the diameter of theimaginary crown-gear. By adjusting the slides 78 laterally the cuttersmay be adjusted to vary the width of the teeth. This ad justment may bemade in varying the pitch or the diameter of the imaginary crown-gear. Avariation in the pitch. or size of the imaginary crown-gear alsoinvolves an adjustment of the blocks 72 on their curved ways to bringthe cutting-planes into such relation that they will pass through thecenter of the pitchsurface of the crown-gear. This is because themovement of the cutters either vertically or laterally carries theircutting-planes away from the center of the pitch-surface of thecrown-gear, and the cutters must therefore be swung about an axisparallel to the axis of the crown-gear to bring the cutting-planes intoproper relation in the new adjustment of the cutters. The screw 88carries a bevelgear 90, Which is engaged by a bevel-gear 91, secured toa shaft which is provided With a hand-Wheel 92, by turning which thescrew may be operated. To accommodate the adjustment of the slide 84,the spiral gears 67 are carried on the slide and the shaft 66 isarranged to slide through one of the gears.

The slide 57 and the cutter-head 56 carried thereby are adjustable toand from the blanksupporting head to facilitate the insertion andremoval of the gear-blanks and to bring the cutters into proper relationto the blank. For this purpose the slide 57 is mounted on ways 93 on thebase 2 and is provided with a nut 93% Figs. 1 and 9, engaged by ascrew-rod 94, mounted on the base. The screw-rod is connected throughbevel gears 95, Fig. 7 with a shaft 96, and the shaft is provided with ahand Wheel 97, through which the screw may be operated to move the slide57 on its ways. The slide may be firmly held in adjusted position byclamping-bolts 98, Fig. 7. An adjustable stop 99 may be secured to theways 93 for determining the forward position of the slide 57 whencutting a number of duplicate gears.

To increase the rapidity with Which the gears may be cut, the swing ofthe carrier 4 is adjusted so that the blank rolls only far enough tocomplete the tooth-surface being formed 1 that is to say, the blank doesnot roll far enough away from the cutter to enable the indexing to beperformed. This shortening up of the swing of the blank thereforeinvolves a relative movement between the cutter and blank independentfrom the rolling motion of the blank to clear the cutter from the blankfor the indexing and to bring the cutter and blank back into the properrelation for generating the next tooth-surfaces after the indexing hastaken place. This movement is produced by withdrawing and advancing thecutter-head 56 on the slide 57. The reciprocation of the cutter-head iseffected by a cam 100, Figs. 1 and 9, mounted on a stud 101, secured tothe slide 57. The cam is provided with a camgroove which is engaged by aroll 102, mounted on the head 56. The camis driven through a gear 103,secured thereto and engaged by a gear 104:, keyed to slide on the shaft15. The cam-groove is so formed that the cutter-head is withdrawn andadvanced while the carrier 4 is at the forward end of its throw, and theindexing mechanism is timed to act while the cutter-head is retracted.By adjusting the throw of the carrier to carry the blank clear of thecutter the reciprocating mechanism for the cutter-head may be omitted;but this would reduce the rapidity of the operations, and consequentlythe production of the machine. The blank rolls against the cutters onboth its backward and forward swing, and the quality of the work donewill be improved by so controlling the cutter-head that the greater portion of the stock will be removed by the cutters as the blank swingsrearward. This is on the movement of the blank away from theindexing-point, and then a light finishing cut will be taken as theblank swings forward or toward the indexing-point. This is done by soforming the cam-groove in the cam that the cutter-head will be advancedwithin a few hundredtlas of an inch of its forward position directlyafter the indexing and will be advanced to its forward position as theblank reaches the end of its rearward swing.

The shaft 15 is revolved at the proper time to effect the indexing froma continuouslyrunning shaft 105, Fig. 2, with which the shaft 45 isconnected and disconnected through a clutch mechanism mounted in acasing 106. This mechanism may be of any well-known eonstructionsuch,forinstance, as that shown in Patent-No. 645,083, March 13, 1900, and maybe thrown into action by a trip 107, carried by a disk 108. The disk 108is secured to a shaft 109, Figs. 1, 2, and 7, which is driven, throughbevel-gears 110, from shaft 15. Theshaft is driven through a pulley 111,secured thereto, and the shaft 15 is driven from the shaft 105 throughthe following gearing and shafting. Ashaft 112 is connected with shaft105 through bevel-gears 113 and carries one member 114: of a clutch, theother member 115 of which is keyed to slide on a shaft 116. The shaft116 is connected, through gears 117, witha shaft 118, which carries aworm 119, engaging a worm-wheel 120, secured to the shaft 15. WVhen theclutch members are engaged, the shaft 15 is driven from shaft 105. Theshaft 105 may be normally operated in making ready the machine through abevel-gear 121, loosely mounted on shaft 116 and provided with a clutchmember 122,arranged to be engaged by the cl utch member 115. The gear121 is engaged by a gear 123, secured to a shaft 124, which isconnected, through bevel-gears 125, with a shaft 126, Figs. 1 and 4,which is in turn connected, through bevel-gears 127, with a shaft 128.The shaft 128 carries a hand-wheel 128, which may be turned to operatethe gear 121. The clutch member 115 may be shifted to throw either thehand or power operating mechanism into operation through a lever 129,connected by a rod 130 to an arm 131, secured to a rock-shaft 132, whichis connected by an arm 133 with the clutch member.

In setting up the machine an arbor A, Fig. 6, is secured in the spindle3,to the end of which the gear-blank B is secured. The spindle is thenadjusted so that the apex of the pitchcone of the gear-blank is in theaxis of the carrier 1, and one side of the pitch-cone is in a verticalplane, and the gearing is arranged so that when the carrier swings thepitch-cone of the gear-blank will roll on the vertical plane. Thecutters are adjusted so that the active edges of the cutter-diskscorrespond to the surfaces of a tooth of the imaginary crowngear G, andthe slide 57 is adjusted so that when the cutter-head is in its advancedposition the pitch surface of the crown-gear is tangent to thepitch-cone of the gear-blank. In case the teeth of the gear-blank havebeen roughed out the blank may be adjusted to bring the space betweenthe teeth in proper relation to the cutter by loosening theclamping-sleeve 13 1, through which the gear 39 is connected to theshaft 22, and turning the sleeve until the blank is properly positioned,after whichthe sleeve is firmly clamped to shaft 22. After the spindleand cutters have been properly set the machine is started and thegear-blank is rolled against the edges of the cutting-disks, thepitch-surface rolling on a vertical plane. At the end of the rearwardswing of the carrier the cutter-head is advanced slightly by the cam,bringing thepitchsurface of the crown-gear G tangent to the pitch-coneof the blank, and as the carrier swings forward the cutters generate theopposite surfaces of two adjacent teeth on the gearblank. At the end ofthe forward swing of the carrier the cutter-head is retracted and theblank is indexed preparatory to the next reciprocation of the carrier,after which the IIO cutter-head is advanced. This cycle of operations isrepeated until all the teeth on the blank have been generated.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-- 1. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of aswinging carrier, a blankspindle carried thereby with its axis obliqueto the axis of the carrier, and a carriage for the spindle mounted foradjustment .on the carrier in a direction to change the point at whichthe axis of the spindle intersects the axis of the carrier,substantially as described.

2. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of-a carrier,a blank-supporting spindle mounted thereon and adjustable to vary theangle between the axes of the spindle and carrier, a gear concentric tothe center about which the spindle is adjusted,'gearing between saidgear and spindle, a driving member, rotary connections between saiddriving member and gear, and mechanism for reciprocating the carrierwith relation to the driving member whereby the spindle isrotatedthrough the reciprocation of the carrier, substantially as described.

3. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of a swingingcarrier, a carriage mounted for radial adjustment on the carrier, ablank-spindle mounted for adjustment in the carriage to vary the anglebetween the axes of the spindle and carrier, and mechanism for rotatingthe spindle as the carrier swings to give the blank a rolling motion,substantially as described.

a. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of a swingingcarrier, a carriage radially adjustable thereon, a swivelhead on saidcarriage having its axis at right angles to the axis of the carrier, ablank-supporting spindle mounted in said head, and mechanism forrotating the spindle on its axis as the carrier swings to give the blanka rolling motion, substantially as described.

5. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of a carrier,a blank-supporting spindle mounted for adjustment thereon to change theangle between the axes of the spindle and carrier, a gear concentric tothe center about which the spindle is adjusted, gearing between saidgear and spindle, a gear concentric to the axis of a carrier,changegearing between said concentric gears through which the spindle isrotated, and mechanism for swinging the carrier with relation to thegear concentric to its axis, substantially as described.

6. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of a swingingcarrier, a carriage radially adjustable on the carrier, a head thereonadjustable about an axis at right angles to the axis of said carrier, aspindle mounted in said head in the plane of the axis of the carrier, agear concentric with the axis of the head and connected with thespindle, a shaft on the carrier connected through changegears with saidconcentric gear, and means for driving said gears as the carrier swings,substantially as described.

7. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination ofa blank-s'iindle, mechanism for oscillating said blank-spindle about an axis, agear concentric with said axis, connections between said gear andspindle for rotating said spindle about its own axis, and mechanism foroperating said gear to index said spindle, substantially as described.

8. In'a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination, with ahlank-supporting spindle, of mechanism for automatically oscillating thespindle about an axis intersecting the spindle-axis and simultaneouslyrotating the spindle about its own axis to give the blank a rollingmotion, a gear concentric with the axis of oscillation and connectedwith said spindle to rotate the same, and mechanism for operating saidgear to index said spindle, sub stantially as described.

9. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of a swingingcarrier, a blankspindle mounted thereon, a gear concentric with the axiso'l said carrier, gearing between said spindle and gear for rotating thespindle as the carrier swings, and mechanism for intermittentlyadvancing said gear to index the spindle, substantially as described.

10. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of aswinging carrier, a blankspindle mounted thereon, a gear concentric withthe axis of said carrier, gearing between the concentric gear and thespindle for rotating the spindle as the carrier swings, a wormwheelconnected with the concentric gear, a worm engaging said wheel and meansfor operating the worm to index the blank, substantially as described.

11. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of areciprocating blank-spindle of gearing for rotating the spindle on itsaxis as it reciprocates, mechanism for indexing the blank-spindle, and arectifying mechanism for eliminating from the indexing movements of theblank-spindle any .error due to said gearing,-substantially asdescribed.

12. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of aswinging blank-spindle, variable-speed gearing For rotating the spindle-on its axis as it swings, means for index ing the blank, andrectifying-gearing for nullifying the effect of said variable-speedgearingon the indexing, substantially as described.

13. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination ofaswingingcarrier, a blanksupporting spindle mounted thereon,variablespeed gearing for rotating the spindle on its axis as thecarrier swings, mechanism for indexing the blank-spindle and gearingsimilar to the variable-speed gearing but inversely arranged fornullifying the effect of the variable-speed gearing on the indexing,substantially as described.

1 L. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination ofaswinging carrier, a blanksupporting spindle mounted thereon, a gearconcentric with the axis of the carrier, changegearing between theconcentric gear and spindle, means for turning said gear to index theblank-spindle including change-gearing similar to the formerchange-gearing and inversely arranged, substantially as described.

15. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of twocutters the active parts of which are a tooth of an imaginary gear, andmechanism for causing a relative rolling motion between a gear-blank andsaid cutters to generate the adjacent surfaces of two teeth on saidblank, substantially as described.

16. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of ablank-carrying spindle, two cutters moving about fixed axes and soarranged that their active parts are a tooth of an imaginary gear, andmechanism for rolling a gear-blank against said cutters to generate theadjacent surfaces of two teeth thereon, substantially as described.

17 In a machine forgenerating gear-teeth, a cutting device consisting oftwo cutters the active parts of which are in efiect a tooth of animaginary gear, substantially as described.

18. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, a cutting device consistingof two cutter-disks having their axes inclined to each other, and havingtheir active portions close together and arranged to act upontooth-surfaces between two adjacent teeth, substantially as described.

19. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, a cutting device consistingof two cutter-disks having their axes inclined to each other and havingtheir active portions close together and arranged to act upontooth-surfaces between two adjacent teeth, and means for adjusting theinclination of the axes, substantially as described.

20. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, a cutter-disk the activepart of which is a tooth-surface of an imaginary gear, and means foradjusting the cutter so that the active part may be the tooth-surface ofimaginary gears of difl ering diameters, substantially as described.

21. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, a cutter-disk the activepart of which is a tooth-surface of an imaginary gear, and means foradjusting the cutter so that the active part may be the tooth-surface ofimaginary gears of differing pitch, substantially as described.

22. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, two cutter-disks havingtheir axes inclined to each other, and having the teeth of one cutterworking in the spaces between the teeth of the other cutter.

23. In a machine for generating gear-teeth,

two cutter-disks the active parts of which are a tooth of an imaginarycrown-gear, and means for adjusting the cutters so that their activeparts may be the tooth of imaginary gears of differingdiameters,substantially as described.

24. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, two cutter-disks the activeparts of which are atooth of an imaginary crown-gear, and means foradjusting the cutters so that their parts may be the tooth of imaginarygears of differing pitch, substantially as described.-

25. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, two cutter-disks the activeteeth of which are a tooth of an imaginary gear, and means foradjustingthe cutters to vary the width of said tooth, substantially asdescribed.

26. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, a cutter having its cuttingedges traveling in a plane corresponding to the tooth-surface of animaginary crown-gear, means for adjusting the cutter about an axisparallel to the axis of said gear, substantially as described.

27. In a machine for generating gear-teeth,

a cutter-disk 53 mounted in a bearing-block 71, a block 72 havingsegmental ways on which the bearing block is mounted, a slide 78 havingsegmental ways on which the block 72 is mounted, and a support on whichthe slideTS is mounted, substantially as described.

28. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of ablank-supporting spindle, mechanism for rotating said spindle on itsaxis and mechanism for swinging it about an intersecting axis, a cutteragainst which the gear-blank is rolled by the movement of the spindle,and means for adjusting the cutting-plane about an axis parallel to saidintersecting axis, substantially as described.

29. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of ablank-supporting spindle, mechanism for rotating said spindle on itsaxis and mechanism for swinging it about an intersecting axis, a cutteragainst which the blank is rolled by the movement of the spindle, meansfor adjusting the cutting-plane about an axis parallel to saidintersecting axis, and means for adjusting the distance of the cutterfrom said intersecting axis, substantially as described.

30. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of acutting-disk rotating about a fixed axis and so arranged that thecutting edges travel in a plane corresponding to a tooth-surface of animaginary gear, mechanism for rolling a gear-blank against said cutterwith a motion as if rolling on its pitchsurface upon the pitch-surfaceof said gear, mechanism for automatically indexing the blank andmechanism for automatically separating said cutter and blankindependently of said rolling motion during the indexing, substantiallyas described.

31.. In a machine for generating gear-teeth,

l the combination of a cutting device the cutting edges of which travelin a plane corresponding to a tooth-surface of an imaginary gear,mechanism for rolling a gear-blank in opposite directions against saidcutter with a motion as if rolling on its pitch-surface upon thepitch-surface of said gear and mechanism for changing the relativepositions of said cutter and blank between the movements in oppositedirections, substantially as described.

32. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of twocutters the active parts of which are a tooth of an imaginary crowngear,and mechanism for causing a relative rolling motion between a gear-blankand said cutters to generate the adjacent surfaces of two teeth on saidblank, substantially as described.

33. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of twocutters the active parts of which are a tooth of an imaginary crowngear,means for adjusting the cutting-planes about an axis parallel to theaxis of the crowngear, and mechanism for rolling a gear-blank against sad cutters, substantially as described. 34. In a machine for generatinggear-teeth,

the combination of two cutters the active parts 7 of which are a toothof an imaginary crowngear, means for adjusting the cutting-planes aboutan axis parallel to the axis of said crowngear, means for adjusting thecutters to and from the axis of said crown-gear, and mechanism forrolling a gear-blank against said cutters, substantially as described.

35. In a machine for generating gear-teeth, the combination of twocutters the active parts of which are a tooth of an imaginary crowngear,means for adjusting the cutters toward and away from each other, andmeans for adjusting the cutting-planes about an axis parallel to theaxis of the crown-gear, substantially as described.

OSCAR J. BEALE. Witnesses:

W. H. THURSTON, J. H. THURSTON.

